The recent decade has seen an explosive growth in the field of thoracic surgery with the introduction of new technologies and testing modalities. Advances in molecular biology have only fueled this growth. One of the focuses has been to study, evaluate, and then integrate these new modalities in radiologic imaging, molecular diagnostics, and therapeutics to assess their impact on the patient. Analysis of clinical outcomes both in a prospective as well as when necessary a retrospective manner only help to further improve clinical outcomes.